Fasting plays a central role in the spiritual life of the Russian Orthodox Church. It is a practice that goes beyond simply abstaining from certain foods. Fasting is about spiritual discipline, repentance, and growing closer to God. Here’s a clear and simple explanation of the Russian Orthodox Church fasting rules.
The Purpose of Fasting
The Russian Orthodox Church views fasting as a way to cleanse both body and soul. Fasting helps believers focus on prayer, repentance, and spiritual growth. By giving up certain foods, Orthodox Christians aim to free themselves from worldly distractions and draw nearer to God.
Main Fasting Periods
The Russian Orthodox Church observes several major fasting periods throughout the year. These periods are significant and require strict adherence to fasting rules.
1. Great Lent
Great Lent is the most important fasting period. It lasts for 40 days, leading up to Easter, and is a time of deep spiritual reflection. During this period, Orthodox Christians abstain from meat, dairy, eggs, and fish. The only exceptions are certain feast days when fish may be allowed.
2. Nativity Fast
The Nativity Fast, also known as the Advent Fast, begins 40 days before Christmas. Like Great Lent, this fast involves abstaining from meat, dairy, and eggs. However, fish is allowed on specific days during this period.
3. Apostles’ Fast
The Apostles’ Fast occurs in the summer, starting after the feast of Pentecost and lasting until the feast of Saints Peter and Paul. The length of this fast varies each year. The fasting rules are similar to those of the Nativity Fast.
4. Dormition Fast
The Dormition Fast lasts for two weeks in August, leading up to the feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God. This is one of the stricter fasts, where meat, dairy, eggs, and fish are avoided, with fish being allowed only on the feast of the Transfiguration.
Weekly Fasting Days
In addition to these major fasting periods, the Russian Orthodox Church observes fasting on specific days each week.
Wednesdays and Fridays
Every Wednesday and Friday throughout the year are fasting days. Wednesday fasts commemorate Judas’s betrayal of Christ, and Friday fasts remember Christ’s crucifixion. On these days, Orthodox Christians avoid meat, dairy, and eggs, though fish may be allowed depending on the season.
Cheesefare Week
Cheesefare Week is the week before Great Lent begins. During this week, meat is completely avoided, but dairy products are still allowed. This period serves as a preparation for the stricter fasting of Great Lent.
Exceptions and Flexibility
While the fasting rules are generally strict, the Russian Orthodox Church recognizes that not everyone can adhere to them in the same way. There are exceptions for the sick, elderly, pregnant women, young children, and those who have physically demanding jobs. It is recommended that individuals consult their priest if they need guidance on how to observe the fast in their particular circumstances.
The Spiritual Aspect of Fasting
Fasting is not just about dietary restrictions. It is also about spiritual renewal. Orthodox Christians are encouraged to combine fasting with prayer, attending church services, and performing acts of charity. The goal is to become more humble, self-disciplined, and closer to God.
Prayer and Reflection
During fasting periods, believers are encouraged to increase their prayer life. This includes more frequent attendance at church services, reading the Bible, and personal prayer. The Church provides special prayers and liturgies during fasting periods to help the faithful focus on their spiritual journey.
Charity and Almsgiving
Another important aspect of fasting is charity. The Church teaches that the money saved by eating simpler meals should be given to the poor. Acts of kindness and generosity are seen as a vital part of fasting, reinforcing the connection between spiritual and moral growth.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the fasting rules of the Russian Orthodox Church are deeply rooted in spiritual tradition. Fasting is more than just avoiding certain foods; it is a comprehensive spiritual practice aimed at bringing believers closer to God. By following these rules, Orthodox Christians engage in a journey of self-discipline, repentance, and spiritual renewal, drawing strength and guidance from their faith.